It's well-known that the suits correspond to astrological elements.

• Wands: Fire signs: Aries, Leo, Sagittarius.
• Cups: Water signs: Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces
• Swords: Air signs: Gemini, Libra, Aquarius
• Pentacles: Earth signs: Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn

It's also interesting to compare them through the four planes of self (based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs):

• Pentacles (Earth): Physical, instinct, plane 1
• Cups (Water): Emotional, feeling, plane 2
• Swords (Air): Mental, thought, plane 3
• Wands (Fire): Spiritual, intuition, plane 4

Further, I want to learn a lot more about this but I do know that there are astrological correlations to certain cards.

Astrological Sign	Major Arcana Card	Minor Arcana Cards
Aries	4. The Emperor	Two of Wands Three of Wands Four of Wands
Taurus	5. The Hierophant	Five of Pentacles Six of Pentacles Seven of Pentacles
Gemini	6. The Lovers	Eight of Swords Nine of Swords Ten of Swords
Cancer	7. The Chariot	Two of Cups Three of Cups Four of Cups
Leo	8. Strength	Five of Wands Six of Wands Seven of Wands
Virgo	9. The Hermit	Eight of Pentacles Nine of Pentacles Ten of Pentacles
Libra	11. Justice	Two of Swords Three of Swords Four of Swords
Scorpio	13. Death	Five of Cups Six of Cups Seven of Cups
Sagittarius	14. Temperance	Eight of Wands Nine of Wands Ten of Wands
Capricorn	15. The Devil	Two of Pentacles Three of Pentacles Four of Pentacles
Aquarius	17. The Star	Five of Swords Six of Swords Seven of Swords
Pisces	18. The Moon	Eight of Cups Nine of Cups Ten of Cups

There are more specific associations that are interesting, if you're a little deeper into astrology...

Cardinal	Fixed	Mutable
Fire (Wands): 2 = Mars in Aries 3 = Sun in Aries 4 = Venus in Aries	Fire (Wands): 5 = Saturn in Leo 6 = Jupiter in Leo 7 = Mars in Leo	Fire (Wands): 8 = Mercury in Sagittarius 9 = Moon in Sagittarius 10 = Saturn in Sagittarius
Water (Cups): 2 = Venus in Cancer 3 = Mercury in Cancer 4 = Moon in Cancer	Water (Cups): 5 = Mars in Scorpio 6 = Sun in Scorpio 7 = Venus in Scorpio	Water (Cups): 8 = Saturn in Pisces 9 = Jupiter in Pisces 10 = Mars in Pisces
Air (Swords): 2 = Moon in Libra 3 = Saturn in Libra 4 = Jupiter in Libra	Air (Swords): 5 = Venus in Aquarius 6 = Mercury in Aquarius 7 = Moon in Aquarius	Air (Swords): 8 = Jupiter in Gemini 9 = Mars in Gemini 10 = Sun in Gemini
Earth (Pentacles): 2 = Jupiter in Capricorn 3 = Mars in Capricorn 4 = Sun in Capricorn	Earth (Pentacles): 5 = Mercury in Taurus 6 = Moon in Taurus 7 = Saturn in Taurus	Earth (Pentacles): 8 = Sun in Virgo 9 = Venus in Virgo 10 = Mercury in Virgo

And then for the Aces:

Element	Suit	Season
Fire	Ace of Wands	Summer
Water	Ace of Cups	Autumn
Air	Ace of Swords	Spring
Earth	Ace of Pentacles	Winter

Lastly, if you assign the four Aces to seasons, there's 36 cards left over (9 per suit), which correspond to 10 degrees (a decan) of the circle of the year. Since a sign contains 30 degrees, there's 3 cards per sign.